GRAMMAR NOTES 4

‘wall’ နံရံ

గోడ

+లు à

గోడలు

‘walls’ နံရံများ

‘window' ပြတင်းပေါက်

కిటికీ

+లు à

కిటికీలు

‘windows' ပြတင်းပေါက်များ

‘door' တံခါး

తలుపు

+లు à

తలుపులు

‘doors' တံခါး

‘photograph' ဓါတ်ပုံ

ఫోటో

+లు à

ఫోటోలు

‘photographs' ဓါတ်ပုံများ

ఒక కుక్క.

ခွေး တစ်ကောင်

‘one dog.’

రెండు తలుపులు.

တံခါး နှစ်ချပ်

‘two doors’

మూడు కుర్చీలు.

ထိုင်ခုံ သုံးလုံး

‘three chairs’

నాలుగు కిటికీలు.

ပြတင်းပေါက် လေးခု

‘four windows’

ఆరు బల్లలు.

စားပွဲ ခြောက်လုံး

‘six tables/benches’

'pen'

కలం

+ లు è

కలాలు

'pens' ဘောပင်များ  

'book'

పుస్తకం

+ లు è

పుస్తకాలు

'books' စာအုပ်များ

ఉంది.

ရှိတယ်။

‘There is’

ఉన్నాయి.

ရှိကြတယ်။

‘There are’ (plural of ఉంది)          

లేదు.

မရှိဘူး။

‘There is no’ (negative of ఉంది)

లేవు.

မရှိကြဘူး။

‘There are no’ (negative of ఉన్నాయి and plural of లేదు)

కుక్క ఎక్కడ ఉంది?

ခွေး ဘယ်မှာ(ရှိ)လဲ။

‘Where is the dog?’

అవి ఎన్ని కలాలు?

အဲ့ဒါ ဘောပင် ဘယ်နှချောင်းလဲ။

‘How many pens are they?’

ఆ కలాలు ఎన్ని?

အဲ့ဒီ ဘောပင်တွေက ဘယ်နှချောင်းလဲ။

‘How many pens are they?’

అవి ఎన్ని కుక్కలు?

အဲ့ဒါ ခွေး ဘယ်နှကောင်လဲ။

‘How many dogs are they?’

ఆ కుక్కలు ఎన్ని?

အဲ့ဒီ ခွေးတွေ ဘယ်နှကောင်လဲ။

‘How many dogs are they?’

ఏవి నీ కలాలు?

မင်းရဲ့ ဘောပင်တွေ ဘယ်ဟာတွေလဲ။

‘Which are your pens?’

కలం పెట్టెలో ఉంది.

ဘောပင် သေတ္တာထဲမှာ ရှိတယ်။

‘The pen is in the box.'

నువ్వు ఆ కుర్చీలో కూర్చో.

မင်း အဲ့ဒီ ထိုင်ခုံမှာ ထိုင်။

‘Sit in that chair.'

మీద

အပေါ် မှာ

‘on / upon'

కలం బల్ల మీద ఉంది.

ဘောပင် စားပွဲပေါ်မှာ ရှိတယ်။

‘The pen is on the table.'

కింద

အောက်မှာ

‘under/ beneath/ below'

పెట్టె బల్ల కింద ఉంది.

သေတ္တာ စားပွဲ အောက်မှာ ရှိတယ်။

‘The pen is beneath the table.'

దగ్గర

အနား၊ အနီးမှာ

‘at, near'

కుక్క బల్ల దగ్గర ఉంది.

ခွေး စားပွဲ နားမှာ ရှိတယ်။

‘The dog is at the table.'

పక్కన

ဘေးမှာ

‘by the side of'

పిల్లి గోడ పక్కన ఉంది.

ကြောင် နံရံ ဘေးမှာ ရှိတယ်။

‘The cat is by the side of the wall.'

တတိယလူ သက်မဲ့ နည်း

  တတိယလူ သက်မဲ့ များ

Remote        ဝေး

అది

အဲ့ဒါ/ဟိုဟာ

'that (one)'

అవి

အဲ့ဒါတွေ/ဟိုဟာတွေ

'those (ones)'

Proximate နီး

ఇది

ဒါ/ဒီဟာ

'this (one)'

ఇవి

ဒါတွေ/ဒီဟာတွေ

'these (ones)'

Interrogative မေး

ఏది

ဘယ်ဟာ

'which (one)'

ఏవి

ဘယ်ဟာတွေ

'which (ones)'

అది గడియారం.

အဲ့ဒါ နာရီ။

That is a clock

అది కలం.

အဲ့ဒါ ဘောပင်။

This is a pen.

ఏది నీ పుస్తకం?

ဘယ်ဟာ နင့် စာအုပ်လဲ။

Which is your book?

అవి గడియారాలు.

အဲ့ဒါတွ နာရီတွေ။

Those are clocks. (ones)

అవి కలాలు.

အဲ့ဒါတွေ ဘောပင်တွေ။

These are pens.

ఏవి నీ పుస్తకాలు.

ဘယ်ဟာတွေက နင့် စာအုပ်တွေလဲ။

Which are your books?

ఆ కలం / ఆ కలాలు

အဲ့ဒီ ဘောပင် /အဲ့ဒီ ဘောပင်တွေ

'that pen' / 'those pens'

ఈ తలుపు / ఈ తలుపులు

ဒီ တံခါး/ ဒီ တံခါးတွေ

'this door' / 'these doors'

ఏ కుర్చీ? / ఏ కుర్చీలు?

ဘယ် ထိုင်ခုံလဲ?/ ဘယ်ထိုင်ခုံတွေလဲ?

'which chair?' / 'which chairs?'

ఒక...

တစ်...

'One' (num. adj) နာမသိသေသန

è ఒక  ఇల్లు.

အိမ် တစ်အိမ်၊

'One house'

ఒకటి

တစ်

'One' (num. pro.) နာမ်စား

è అది ఒకటి.

အဲ့ဒါ တစ်ခု၊

'That is one'

రెండు కలాలు.

ဘောပင် နှစ်ချောင်း၊

‘Two pens.'

అవి రెండు.

အဲ့ဒါတွေက နှစ်ခု။

‘Those are two.'

మూడు కుక్కలు.

ခွေး သုံးကောင်။

‘Three dogs.'

అవి మూడు.

အဲ့ဒါတွေက သုံးခု။

‘Those are three.'

పది కుర్చీ.

ခုံ ဆယ်လုံး။

‘Ten chairs.'

అవి పది.

အဲ့ဒါတွေက ဆယ်ခု။

‘Those are ten.'

అది ఏమిటి?

'What is that?'

అవి ఏమిటి?

'What are they?'

కొన్ని బల్ల మీద ఉన్నాయి.

အချို့က စားပွဲ ပေါ်မှာ ရှိတယ်။

'Some are on the table.'

కొన్ని కలాలు పెట్టెలో ఉన్నాయి.

အချို့ ဘောပင်တွေက သေတ္တာပေါ်မှာ ရှိတယ်။

'Some pens are in the box.'

పుస్తకాలు అన్నీ  బల్ల  మీద  లేదు.

စာအုပ်တွေ အားလုံး စားပွဲပေါ်မှာ မရှိဘူး။

'All the books are not on the table.'

బల్ల మీద ఇంకొక కలం ఉంది.

စားပွဲ ပေါ်မှာ နောက်ထပ် ဘောပင် တစ်ချောင်း ရှိတယ်။  

'There is another pen on the table.'

ఏ బల్ల మీద?

ဘယ် စားပွဲ ပေါ်မှာလဲ။

'On which table?'

ఈ  బల్ల మీద.

ဒီ စားပွဲ ပေါ်မှာ။

'On this table.'

నా పుస్తకం  బల్ల మీద లేదు.

బల్ల కింద ఉంది.

ကျနော့် စာအုပ် စားပွဲပေါ်မှာ မရှိဘူး။ သေတ္တာ အောက်မှာ ရှိတယ်။

'My book is not on the table;

(It is) beneath the table.'